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<p>A <b>cold open</b> (also called a <b>teaser sequence</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a narrative technique used in television and films. It is the practice of jumping directly into a story at the beginning of the show before the <a href="Title_sequence" title="Title sequence">title sequence</a> or <a href="Opening_credits" title="Opening credits">opening credits</a> are shown. In North American television, this is often done on the theory that involving the audience in the plot as soon as possible will reduce the likelihood of them switching to a different show during the opening commercial.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cold open may also be used to recap events in previous episodes or storylines that will be revisited during the current episode.

</p><p>The cold open technique is sometimes used in films. There, "cold opening" still refers to the opening moments or scenes, but not necessarily to the full duration before the <a href="Title_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Title card">title card</a>, as the title card might appear well after the start.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div>

<p>In the early 1960s, few American series used cold opens, and half-hour <a href="Sitcom" title="Sitcom">situation comedies</a> almost never made use of them prior to 1965. Many American series that ran from the early 1960s through the middle years of the decade (even sitcoms) adopted cold opens in later seasons. However, beginning in the late '50s, several dramatic series, notably such Warner Bros. shows as <i><a href="77_Sunset_Strip" title="77 Sunset Strip">77 Sunset Strip</a></i>, would cold-open with an attention-grabbing scene from the middle of the episode, which would repeat when the story arrived at that point.

</p><p>Cold opens became widespread on American television by the mid-1960s. Their use was an economical way of setting up a plot without having to introduce the regular characters, or even the series synopsis, which would typically be outlined in the title sequence itself.

</p><p>British producer <a href="Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a>'s many attempts to break into the American market meant that various shows he was involved with incorporated the cold open. Later, many British action-adventure series employed the format, such as <i><a href="The_New_Avengers_(TV_series)" title="The New Avengers (TV series)">The New Avengers</a></i> (1976–1977) and <i><a href="The_Professionals_(TV_series)" title="The Professionals (TV series)">The Professionals</a></i> (1977–1981).

</p><p>During the 1960s and 1970s, daytime <a href="Soap_operas" class="mw-redirect" title="Soap operas">soap operas</a> became the main users of cold opens, with most American soaps employing the format.

</p><p>In the late 1970s and early 1980s, some shows began with highlights from the previous episode. Also throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many traditional <a href="Multi-camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-camera">multi-camera</a> <a href="Sitcom" title="Sitcom">sitcoms</a> usually launched straight into the opening <a href="Theme_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme song">theme song</a>, although this has changed in modern use. Today, between the 2000s and 2010s, most multi-camera and <a href="Single-camera_setup" title="Single-camera setup">single-camera</a> American sitcoms usually use cold opens for each episode, that last for at least 1–2 minutes (and 3–4 minutes at the most) before transitioning into the <a href="Title_sequence" title="Title sequence">opening title sequence</a> or <a href="Theme_music#Television" title="Theme music">theme song</a> of the show.

</p><p>Documentaries do not use cold openings as frequently as fictional shows. <i><a href="The_World_at_War" title="The World at War">The World at War</a></i> (1973–1974) is one famous exception, wherein a few short minutes an especially poignant moment is featured; after the title sequence, the events that explain the episode are outlined more fully.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_uses_in_television">Current uses in television</h2></div>

<p>Most American news shows, including on channels providing <a href="24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">24-hour news coverage</a>, use cold opens to introduce a summary of the stories covered in that edition.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dramas">Dramas</h3></div>

<p>Cold opens are common in science fiction dramas and crime dramas. In the U.S., TV shows will occasionally forgo a standard cold open at the midway point of a two-part episode, or during a "special" episode. <a href="Vince_Gilligan" title="Vince Gilligan">Vince Gilligan</a> has been declared "Undisputed Master of the Cold Open" in multiple reviews,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> detailing particular episodes of <i><a href="Better_Call_Saul" title="Better Call Saul">Better Call Saul</a></i> and <i><a href="Breaking_Bad" title="Breaking Bad">Breaking Bad</a></i>. The Australian drama series, <i><a href="McLeod's_Daughters" title="McLeod's Daughters">McLeod's Daughters</a></i> used a cold open at the beginning of episodes for the majority of its run, before being phased out for its eighth and final season.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soap_operas">Soap operas</h3></div>

<p>While several <a href="Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soaps</a> experimented with regular opens in the early 2000s, all U.S. daytime dramas are currently using cold opens. Typically, a soap opera cold open begins where the last scene of the previous episode ended, sometimes replaying the entire last scene. After several scenes – usually, to set up which storylines will be featured in the episode – the opening credits are shown. By contrast, most British soap operas typically begin with regular opens. In Australia, soap opera <i><a href="Home_and_Away" title="Home and Away">Home and Away</a></i> briefly used a cold open for a few episodes in 2006.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy">Comedy</h3></div>

<p>One of the most well-known users of the technique, <i><a href="Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> has regularly used a cold-open sketch since its start in 1975. Many modern American sitcoms use or used cold opens, such as <i><a href="Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a>, <a href="Malcolm_in_the_Middle" title="Malcolm in the Middle">Malcolm in the Middle</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Office_(American_TV_series)" title="The Office (American TV series)">The Office</a></i>, <i><a href="Home_Improvement_(TV_series)" title="Home Improvement (TV series)">Home Improvement</a></i>, <i><a href="The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a></i>, <i><a href="Two_and_a_Half_Men" title="Two and a Half Men">Two and a Half Men</a></i>, <i><a href="Modern_Family" title="Modern Family">Modern Family</a></i>, <i><a href="Cheers" title="Cheers">Cheers</a></i>, <i><a href="Parks_and_Recreation" title="Parks and Recreation">Parks and Recreation</a></i>, and <i><a href="Brooklyn_Nine-Nine" title="Brooklyn Nine-Nine">Brooklyn Nine-Nine</a></i>. Many other comedy formats also use cold opens, including late-night talk shows and satirical news shows. British show <i><a href="You%E2%80%99ve_Been_Framed!" class="mw-redirect" title="You’ve Been Framed!">You’ve Been Framed!</a></i> most notably used this in the <a href="Jeremy_Beadle" title="Jeremy Beadle">Jeremy Beadle</a>, <a href="Lisa_Riley" title="Lisa Riley">Lisa Riley</a> and <a href="Harry_Hill" title="Harry Hill">Harry Hill</a> eras. Sitcom cold opens often present a joke that has no relation to the episode's plot.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_programming">Children's programming</h3></div>

<p>Several American children's shows use cold opens, such as <i><a href="Pok%C3%A9mon_(anime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokémon (anime)">Pokémon</a></i> for example, uses the technique to set up the main conflict or plot of the episode.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div>

<p>The <i><a href="UFC" class="mw-redirect" title="UFC">UFC</a></i> plays a cold open before a PPV main card, to build up anticipation for the fights that will follow.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_media">In other media</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Pre-credit" title="Pre-credit">Pre-credit</a></div>

<p>In film production, the section of the film before the opening credits is called the <a href="Pre-credit" title="Pre-credit">pre-credits</a>, and they are sometimes crafted as a cold open. A classic example is the series of <a href="James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> movies, which traditionally start with a cold open showing a dramatic conflict or <a href="Chase_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase scene">chase scene</a> after the usual <a href="Gun_barrel_sequence" title="Gun barrel sequence">gun barrel sequence</a> and before the <a href="Motifs_in_the_James_Bond_film_series#Title_sequence" title="Motifs in the James Bond film series">title sequence</a>.

</p><p>In some films, the <a href="Title_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Title card">title card</a> does not appear until the end. In such cases, one cannot refer to the entire film as the "opening", and the term "cold open" in these instances refers to the opening moments or scenes.

</p><p>Likewise, in films with excessively long pre-credits sequences, the "cold open" does not necessarily refer to the entire pre-credits sequence.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podcasts">Podcasts</h3></div>

<p>Cold opens are occasionally used in the beginning of Podcasts and the reason for its utilization may change depending on the genre or theme of each respective Podcast and its frequency can vary. Some podcasts such as <a href="TrueAnon" title="TrueAnon">TrueAnon</a> use a cold open at the start of every episode which may include either a skit or off-topic conversation between its two main hosts and producer before going into the intro of the podcast. Since early 2022, the weekly Nobody Listens to Paula Poundstone regularly employs cold opens, which often include the cast self-reflexively discussing the use and effectiveness of cold opens and "grabbers."

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div>

<p>Cold opens were also an occasional device in radio. <a href="Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>'s weekly program would usually begin with <a href="Don_Wilson_(announcer)" title="Don Wilson (announcer)">Don Wilson</a> reading standard copy announcing the name of the program and introducing the stars. Sometimes, however, particularly for a show at the start of a new season, the actors would launch into the material without any announcement and perform a sketch written to give the audience the impression they were eavesdropping on the stars' off-microphone lives. That would be followed by the more standard Don Wilson introductions and the show would proceed as usual after that.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3></div>

<p>Many video games have included cold opens. These either begin with a lengthy opening sequence or include an entire level before the titles. It is common in Japanese RPGs, with the original <i><a href="Final_Fantasy_(video_game)" title="Final Fantasy (video game)">Final Fantasy</a></i> an early example.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2></div>

<p>Cold opens sometimes employ a segment known as a "teaser" or "tease". A memorandum was written by <a href="Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> on May 2, 1966, as a supplement to the Writer-Director Information Guide for the original <i><a href="Star_Trek%3A_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i> series, describing the format of a typical episode. This quotation refers to a cold open, commonly known as a teaser:

</p>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>a. Teaser, preferably three pages or less. Captain Kirk's voice-over opens the show, briefly setting where we are and what's going on. This is usually followed by a short playing scene which ends with the Teaser "hook".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>The "<a href="Narrative_hook" title="Narrative hook">hook</a>" of the teaser was some unexplained plot element that was alluded to in the teaser, or cold open, which was intended to keep audiences interested enough in the show to dissuade them from changing stations while the titles and opening commercial roll.

</p><p>In television series, a similar technique called a <i><a href="Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">cliffhanger</a></i> is often employed before <a href="Commercial_break" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial break">commercial breaks</a>, to keep the audience from switching channels during the break.

</p><p>A closing scene at the end of a show, after <a href="End_credits" class="mw-redirect" title="End credits">end credits</a>, is known as the "<a href="Post-credits_scene" title="Post-credits scene">tag</a>".

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Hot_switch" title="Hot switch">Hot switch</a></li>

<li><i><a href="In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFPollick2013" class="citation web cs1">Pollick, Michael (June 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627121214/https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-cold-open.htm">"What is a Cold Open?"</a>. <i>WiseGEEK</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisegeek.com/what-is-a-cold-open.htm">the original</a> on June 27, 2019.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhitfieldRoddenberry1968" class="citation book cs1">Whitfield, Stephen E.; Roddenberry, Gene (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingofstartrek00whit"><i>The Making of Star Trek</i></a></span>. Ballantine Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-345-27638-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQualey2017" class="citation web cs1">Qualey, Erin (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hiddenremote.com/2017/04/25/vince-gilligan-undisputed-master-cold-open/">"Vince Gilligan is the Undisputed Master of the Cold Open"</a>. hiddenremote.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCarp2014" class="citation web cs1">Carp, Jesse (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemablend.com/television/Art-Tease-Best-Breaking-Bad-Cold-Opens-58148.html">"The Art Of The Tease: The Best Breaking Bad Cold Opens"</a>. cinamablend.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1994" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, David (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/startrekcreator00davi"><i>Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry</i></a></span>. Roc Books. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780451454409</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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